Human Development Report 2011 cape verde

INILAH BENDERA CAPE VERDE

PETA NEGARA CAPE VERDE

Human Development Report 2011

Sustainability and Equity:

A Better Future for All

Explanatory note on 2011 HDR composite indices

Cape Verde

HDI values and rank changes in the 2011 Human Development Report

Introduction

The 2011 Human Development Report presents 2011 Human Development Index (HDI) values and ranks

for 187 countries and UN-recognized territories, along with the Inequality-adjusted HDI for 134 countries,

the Gender Inequality Index for 146 countries, and the Multidimensional Poverty Index for 109 countries.

Country rankings and values in the annual Human Development Index (HDI) are kept under strict

embargo until the global launch and worldwide electronic release of the Human Development Report.

The 2011 Report will be launched globally in November 2011.

It is misleading to compare values and rankings with those of previously published reports, because the

underlying data and methods have changed, as well as the number of countries included in the HDI. The

187 countries ranked in the 2011 HDI represents a significant increase from the 169 countries included in

the 2010 Index, when key indicators for many countries were unavailable.

Readers are advised in the Report to assess progress in HDI values by referring to Table 2 (‘Human

Development Index Trends’) in the Statistical Annex of the report. Table 2 is based on consistent

indicators, methodology and time-series data and thus shows real changes in values and ranks over time

reflecting the actual progress countries have made.

For further details on how each index is calculated please refer to Technical Notes 1-4 in the 2011 Report

and the associated background papers available on the Human Development Report website.

Human Development Index (HDI)

The HDI is a summary measure for assessing long-term progress in three basic dimensions of human

development: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a decent standard of living. As in the

2010 HDR a long and healthy life is measured by life expectancy, access to knowledge is measured by: 

i)mean years of adult education, which is the average number of years of education received in a life-time

by people aged 25 years and older.

ii) expected years of schooling for children of school-entrance age, which is the total number of years of schooling a child of school-entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates stay the same throughout the child's life. Standard of living is measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita expressed in constant 2005 PPP$.

To ensure as much cross-country comparability as possible, the HDI is based primarily on international

data from the UN Population Division, the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) and the World Bank. As

stated in the introduction, the HDI values and ranks in this year’s report are not comparable to those in

past reports (including the 2010 HDR) because of a number of revisions done to the component

indicators by the mandated agencies. To allow for assessment of progress in HDIs, the 2011 report

includes recalculated HDIs from 1980 to 2011. 

2Cape Verde’s HDI value and rank

Cape Verde’s HDI value for 2011 is 0.568—in the medium human development category—positioning the

country at 133 out of 187 countries and territories. Between 2000 and 2011, Cape Verde’s HDI value

increased from 0.523 to 0.568, an increase of 9.0 per cent or average annual increase of about 0.8 per

cent.

The rank of Cape Verde’s HDI for 2010 based on data available in 2011 and methods used in 2011 is 133

out of 187 countries. In the 2010 HDR, Cape Verde was ranked 118 out of 169 countries. However, it is

misleading to compare values and rankings with those of previously published reports, because the

underlying data and methods have changed, as well as the number of countries included in the HDI.

Table A reviews Cape Verde’s progress in each of the HDI indicators. Between 1980 and 2011, Cape

Verde’s life expectancy at birth increased by 14.2 years and expected years of schooling increased by 3.8

years. Cape Verde’s GNI per capita increased by about 112.0 per cent between 1990 and 2011.

Table A: Cape Verde’s HDI trends based on consistent time series data, new component indicators and new methodology

Life expectancy at birth

Expected years of schooling

Means years of schooling

GNI per capita (2005 PPP$)

HDI value

1980 59.9 7.8 .. .. ..

1985 62.8 7.8 .. .. ..

1990 65.3 7.8 .. 1,605 ..

1995 67.4 9.4 .. 1,815 ..

2000 69.7 10.9 3.5 2,224 0.523

2005 72.4 11.1 3.5 2,590 0.543

2010 74.0 11.6 3.5 3,316 0.566

2011 74.2 11.6 3.5 3,402 0.568

Figure 1 below shows the contribution of each component index to Cape Verde’s HDI since 2000.

Figure 1: Trends in Cape Verde’s HDI component indices 2000-2011 3

Assessing progress relative to other countries

Long-term progress can be usefully assessed relative to other countries—both in terms of geographical

location and HDI value. For instance, during the period between 2000 and 2011 Cape Verde, Swaziland

and Equatorial Guinea experienced different degrees of progress toward increasing their HDIs (See Figure 2).

Figure 2: Trends in Cape Verde’s HDI 2000-2011

Cape Verde’s 2011 HDI of 0.568 is below the average of 0.630 for countries in the medium human

development group and above the average of 0.463 for countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. From SubSaharan Africa, countries which are close to Cape Verde in 2011 HDI rank and population size are Sao

Tome and Principe and Equatorial Guinea which have HDIs ranked 144 and 136 respectively (see Table B).

Table B: Cape Verde’s HDI indicators for 2011 relative to selected countries and groups HDI value HDI rank Life expectancy at birth

Expected years of schooling

Mean years of schooling

GNI per capita (PPP US$)

Cape Verde 0.568 133 74.2 11.6 3.5 3,402

Sao Tome and Principe

0.509 144 64.7 10.8 4.2 1,792

Equatorial Guinea 0.537 136 51.1 7.7 5.4 17,608

Sub-Saharan Africa 0.463 — 54.4 9.2 4.5 1,966

Medium HDI 0.630 — 69.7 11.2 6.3 5,276

Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)

The HDI is an average measure of basic human development achievements in a country. Like all

averages, the HDI masks inequality in the distribution of human development across the population at the

country level. The 2010 HDR introduced the ‘inequality adjusted HDI (IHDI)’, which takes into account

inequality in all three dimensions of the HDI by ‘discounting’ each dimension’s average value according to

its level of inequality. The HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development and IHDI as 4

an index of actual human development. The ‘loss’ in potential human development due to inequality is

given by the difference between the HDI and the IHDI, and can be expressed as a percentage. (For more

details see the technical note 2). Due to a lack of relevant data, the IHDI has not been calculated for this

country.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

The Gender Inequality Index (GII) reflects gender-based inequalities in three dimensions – reproductive

health, empowerment, and economic activity. Reproductive health is measured by maternal mortality and

adolescent fertility rates; empowerment is measured by the share of parliamentary seats held by each

gender and attainment at secondary and higher education by each gender; and economic activity is

measured by the labour market participation rate for each gender. The GII replaced the previous Genderrelated Development Index and Gender Empowerment Index. The GII shows the loss in human

development due to inequality between female and male achievements in the three GII dimensions. (For

more details on GII please see Technical note 3 in the Statistics Annex.) Due to a lack of relevant data,

the GII has not been calculated for this country.

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

The 2010 HDR introduced the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which identifies multiple

deprivations in the same households in education, health and standard of living. The education and

health dimensions are based on two indicators each while the standard of living dimension is based on

six indicators. All of the indicators needed to construct the MPI for a household are taken from the same

household survey. The indicators are weighted, and the deprivation scores are computed for each

household in the survey. A cut-off of 33.3 percent, which is the equivalent of one-third of the weighted

indicators, is used to distinguish between the poor and nonpoor. If the household deprivation score is

33.3 percent or greater, that household (and everyone in it) is multidimensionally poor. Households with a

deprivation score greater than or equal to 20 percent but less than 33.3 percent are vulnerable to or at

risk of becoming multidimensionally poor. Due to a lack of relevant data, the MPI has not been calculated

for this country.

                                                     

            SUASANA  DI CAPE VERDE